Pregnancy and childbirth are great joys for women. However, certain gynecological conditions can make conception more difficult.
According to Dr. Le Thi Thu Ha, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Tu Du Hospital (Ho Chi Minh City), the process of conception begins when an egg follicle from the ovaries is captured by the fimbriae of the fallopian tube on the day of ovulation. After intercourse, sperm travels through the cervix to the fallopian tubes, where it meets the egg in the outer third of the tube, resulting in fertilization. The fertilized embryo then moves to the uterus to implant and develop into a fetus. However, many medical conditions can hinder this process, making conception challenging.
Conditions Affecting the Vulva, Vagina, and Cervix Structural abnormalities such as an imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, or cervical stenosis can make menstruation difficult, intercourse painful, or even impossible. These conditions require surgical intervention.
Ovarian Disorders
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition causes hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, infrequent or absent ovulation, and reduced fertility.
- Ovarian Abscess: A severe infection, often caused by sexually transmitted diseases, that can lead to infertility if not treated promptly.
- Endometriosis of the Ovary: Endometriotic tissue on the ovary alters its structure, making it difficult for fertilization to occur.
- Ovarian Cancer: Malignant tumors affect reproductive function and are often diagnosed at a late stage.
- Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Occurs in women under 40, leading to menstrual irregularities, osteoporosis, and a higher risk of infertility.
Fallopian Tube Disorders
- Blocked or Adhesive Fallopian Tubes: Often caused by pelvic infections, vaginitis, or cervicitis. These conditions obstruct the path of the egg and sperm, reducing the likelihood of conception.
Dr. Le Thi Thu Ha emphasizes that women should undergo gynecological exams before marriage to detect and treat any conditions that may impact fertility. Regular reproductive health check-ups are also essential for women to protect their ability to conceive and prevent serious complications.
